The study suggesting that 88 percent of porn contains violence against women
Bridges, A. et al. “Aggression and Sexual Behavior in Best-Selling Pornography Videos: A Content Analysis Update,” Violence Against Women (2010) 16:1065.
How kinky women play
Rehor, J.E. “Sensual, Erotic, and Sexual Behaviors of Women from the ‘Kink’ Community,” Archives of Sexual Behavior (2015) 44:825.
BDSM is surprisingly popular in fantasy and in bed
Herbenich, D. et al. “Sexual Diversity in the United States: Results from a Nationally Representative Probability Sample of Adult Men and Women,” PLoS One. July 20, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181198.
Williams, K.M. et al. “Inferring Sexually Deviant Behavior from Corresponding Fantasies: The Role of Personality and Pornography Consumption,” Criminal Justice and Behavior (2009) 36:198.
Other studies of violence in porn
Barron, M. and M. Kimmel. “Sexual Violence in Three Pornographic Media: Toward a Sociological Explanation,” Journal of Sex Research (2000) 37:161.
Cowan, G. et al. “Dominance and Inequality in X-Rated Videocassettes,” Psychology of Women (1988) 12:299.
Duncan, D.F. “Violence and Degradation As Themes in Adult Videos,” Psychological Reports (1991) 69:239.
Hald, G.M. and N.N. Malamuth. “Experimental Effects of Exposure to Pornography: The Moderating Effects of Personality and Mediating Effect of Sexual Arousal,” Archives of Sexual Behavior (2015) 44:99.
Harkness, E.L. et al. “Association Between Pornography Use and Sexual Risk Behaviors in Adult Consumers: A Systematic Review,” Cyberpsychology and Behavior Society Network (2015) 18:59.
Linz, D.G. et al. “Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Violent and Sexually Degrading Depictions of Women,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (1988) 55:758.
McKee, A. “The Objectification of Women in Mainstream Pornographic Videos in Australia,” Journal of Sex Research (2005) 42:277.
Palys, T. “Testing the Common Wisdom: The Social Content of Video Pornography,” Canadian Psychology (1986) 27:22.
Is 21st century porn more violent? Do viewers prefer more violence?
Bridges, A. et al. “Aggression and Sexual Behavior in Best-Selling Pornography Videos: A Content Analysis Update,” Violence Against Women (2010) 16:1065.
Loftus, D. Watching Sex: How Men Really Respond to Pornography. Thunder’s Mouth, NY, 2002.
Shor, E. and K. Seida. ‘Harder and Harder’? Is Mainstream Pornography Becoming Increasingly Violent and Do Viewers Prefer Violent Content?” Journal of Sex Research (2019) 56:16.
The 1970 Lockhart Commission Report
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President%27s_Commission_on_Obscenity_and_Pornography
The 1986 Meese Commission Report
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meese_Report
U.S. crime trends
http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/01/30/5-facts-about-crime-in-the-u-s/
Studies associating porn exposure with sexual violence
Allen, M. et al. “A Meta-Analysis Summarizing the Effects of Pornography on Aggression After Exposure,” Human Communications Research (1995) 22:258.
Beauregard, E. et al. “An Exploration of Developmental Factors Related to Deviant Sexual Preferences Among Adult Rapists,” Sex Abuse (2004) 16:151.
Bergen, R.K. and K.A. Bogle. “Exploring the Connection Between Pornography and Sexual Violence,” Violence and Victims (2000) 15:227.
Donnerstein, E. and L. Berkowitz. “Victim Reactions in Aggressive Erotic Films as a Factor in Violence Against Women,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (1981) 41:710.
Hald, G.M. et al. “Pornography and Attitudes Supporting Violence Against Women: Revisiting the Relationship in Non-experimental Studies,” Aggressive Behavior (2010) 36:14.
Jaffee, D. and M.A. Straus. “Sexual Climate and Reported Rape: AState-Level Analysis,” Archives of Sexual Behavior (1987) 16:107.
Jarvie, I. “Pornography and/as Degradation,” International Journal of Law and Psychiatry (1991) 14:13.
Kingston, D.A. et al. “Pornography Use and Sexual Aggression: The Impact of Frequency and Type of Pornography Use on Recidivism Among Sexual Offenders,” Aggressive Behavior (2008) 34:341.
Malamuth, N.M. et al. “Pornography and Sexual Aggression: Are There Reliable Effects and Can We Understand Them?” Annual Review of Sex Research (2000) 11:26.
Malmuth, N. “Adding Fuel to the Fire?” Does Exposure to Non-Consenting Adult or to Child Pornography Increase Risk of Sexual Aggression?” Aggression and Violent Behavior (2018) epub ahead of print.
Thompson, M.P. et al. “Time-Varying Risk Factors and Sexual Aggression Perpetration Among Male College Students,” Journal of Adolescent Health (2015) 57:637.
Vega, V. and N.M. Malamuth. “Predicting Sexual Aggression: The Role of Pornography in the Context of General and Specific Risk Factors,” Aggressive Behavior (2007) 33:104.
Wright, P.J. and R.S. Tokunaga. “Men’s Objectifying Media Consumption, Objectification of Women, and Attitudes Supportive of Violence Against Women,” Archives of Sexual Behavior (2016) 45:955.
Wright, P.J. et al “A Meta-Analysis of Pornography Consumption and Actual Acts of Sexual Aggression in General Population Studies,” Journal of Communication (2016) 66:183.
Since 1995, U.S. the rate of sexual assault has plummeted 58 percent
https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/fvsv9410.pdf
Studies showing more porn, less rape
Condron, M.K. and D.E. Nutter. “A Preliminary Examination of the Pornography Experience of Sex Offenders, Parphiliacs, Sexual Dysfunction Patients, and Controls Based on Meese Commission Recommendations,” Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy (1988) 14:285.
Cook, R.F. et al. “Pornography and the Sex Offender: Patterns of Previous Exposure and Arousal Effects of Pornographic Stimuli,” Journal of Applied Psychology (1971) 55:503.
Fisher, W.A. et al. “Pornography, Sex Crime, and Paraphilia,” Current Psychiatry Reports (2013) 15:362.
Fukui, A. and B. Westmore. “To See Or Not To See: The Debate Over Pornography and Its Relationship to Sexual Aggression,” Australia and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry (1994) 28:600.
Goldstein, M. et al. “Experience with Pornography: Rapists, Pedophiles, Homosexuals, Transsexuals, and Controls,” Archives of Sexual Behavior (1997) 1:1.
Gwee, K.P. et al. “The Sexual Profile of Rapists in Singapore,” Medicine, Science and the Law (2002) 42:51.
Kohut, T. et al. “Is Pornography Really About ‘Making Hate to Women?’ Pornography Users Hold More Gender-Egalitarian Attitudes Than Nonusers in a Representative American Sample,” Journal of Sex Research (2016) 53:1.
Langevin, R. et al. “Pornography and Sexual Offences,” Annals of Sex Research (1988) 1:335.
Nutter, D.E. and M.E. Kearns. “Patterns of Exposure to Sexually Explicit Material Among Sex Offenders, Child Molesters, and Controls,” Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy (1993) 19:77.
Seto, M.C. et al. “The Role of Pornography in the Etiology of Sexual Aggression,” Aggression and Violent Behavior (2001) 6:35.
Rape, porn, and alcohol
Norris, J. and K.L. Kerr. “Alcohol and Violent Pornography: Responses to Permissive and Nonpermissive Cues,” Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs (1993) Suppl: 11: 118.
Around the world, more porn, less rape
Diamond, M. et al. “Pornography and Sex Crimes in the Czech Republic,” Archives of Sexual Behavior (2011) 40:1037
Diamond, M. “The Effects of Pornography: An International Perspective,” in Pornography 101: Eroticism, Sexuality, and the First Amendment, edited by J. Elias et al. Prometheus Press, Amherst, NY, 1999.
Diamond, M. and A. Uchiyama. “Pornography, Rape, and Sex Crimes in Japan,” International Journal of Law and Psychiatry (1999) 22:1.
Kutchinsky, B. Pornography and Rape: Theory and Practice? Evidence from crime Data in Four Countries, Where Pornography is Easily Available,” International Journal of Law and Psychiatry (1991) 14:47.
Kutchinsky, B. “The Effect of Easy Availability of Pornography on the Incidence of Sex Crimes: The Danish Experience,” Journal of Social Issues (1973) 29:163.
Goldstein, M. et al. “Experience with Pornography: Rapists, Pedophiles, Homosexuals, Transsexuals, and Controls,” Archives of Sexual Behavior (19971) 1:1.
